The effect of economic barriers on healthcare utilization in Cross River State
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Background of the Study
Economic barriers are a critical determinant of healthcare utilization, particularly in regions where poverty is widespread. In Cross River State, limited financial resources, high out-of-pocket costs, and inadequate health insurance coverage impede access to essential healthcare services. Many residents, especially in rural areas, face significant economic challenges that force them to prioritize immediate survival needs over healthcare expenditures. As a result, preventive care is often neglected, and individuals delay seeking treatment until conditions become severe (Afolabi, 2023; Nwachukwu, 2024). The high cost of medications, diagnostic tests, and hospital fees further exacerbates these issues, creating a cycle where poor health and low income reinforce each other. Despite government interventions aimed at reducing financial barriers, such as subsidized services and community-based health insurance schemes, economic constraints continue to be a major obstacle to effective healthcare utilization in Cross River State.
Statement of the Problem
In Cross River State, economic barriers significantly reduce healthcare utilization, contributing to poor health outcomes and increased disease burden. Many residents, particularly those in low-income households, are unable to afford the costs associated with medical care. This financial strain results in delayed treatment, underutilization of preventive services, and increased reliance on alternative medicine. The lack of comprehensive health insurance coverage further intensifies this problem, leaving many individuals to bear the full cost of care. Additionally, the economic disparities within the state contribute to a significant inequity in access to healthcare, with wealthier individuals receiving timely and high-quality services while poorer communities remain underserved. The persistent gap between policy initiatives and their impact on reducing economic barriers highlights the need for targeted research to understand the underlying causes and propose effective solutions.
Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the impact of economic barriers on healthcare utilization in Cross River State.
2. To identify specific financial challenges that prevent individuals from accessing healthcare.
3. To propose strategies to mitigate economic barriers and improve healthcare access.
Research Questions
1. How do economic factors affect healthcare utilization in Cross River State?
2. What are the main financial barriers faced by residents in accessing healthcare services?
3. What interventions can reduce economic constraints and improve healthcare utilization?
Research Hypotheses
1. High out-of-pocket expenses are significantly associated with lower healthcare utilization.
2. Lack of adequate health insurance coverage correlates with reduced access to medical services.
3. Economic support programs and subsidized healthcare services will significantly improve healthcare utilization.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study focuses on both urban and rural populations in Cross River State. Data will be collected via household surveys, interviews, and health facility records. Limitations include potential self-report bias and the challenge of capturing diverse economic conditions across regions.
Definitions of Terms
• Economic Barriers: Financial obstacles that prevent individuals from accessing healthcare.
• Healthcare Utilization: The extent to which individuals use healthcare services.
• Out-of-Pocket Expenses: Direct payments made by individuals for healthcare services.
• Health Insurance Coverage: Protection that reduces the financial burden of medical care.
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